Bantu authorities act 1951 a this act established the basis for ethnic government in african reserves known as homelands b these homelands were independent states to which each african was assigned by the government according to the record of origin. This legislation, succeeding the native affairs act, created the legal basis for self determination of the various ethnic and linguistic tribes into traditional homeland reserve areas and established tribal, regional and territorial authorities. Digital innovation south africa unlocking resources for. It firstly started as a territorial authority in 1962 and remained as such until 1972 when it was proclaimed a self governing homeland. Under the bantu authorities act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organizations for black africans, and the promotion of bantu self government act of 1959 created 10 african homelands, or bantustans. It allowed eviction and destruction of homes of squatters by landowners, local authorities, and government officials. Blacks were stripped of their rights to participate in the national government of south africa when the bantu authorities act was established. It legalized the training of blacks in skilled labor in the construction industry, but limited the places in which they were permitted to work. Native labour settlement of disputes act no 48 the o. The effect of apartheids tribal authorities on chieftaincy. The following section is hereby inserted in the bantu. Tribal authorities were set up and positions were given to chiefs and headman who became responsible for the allocation of land, the welfare and pension system and development. Service pensions act, 1971, withregard to definitions.
In 1951, the bantu authorities act no 68 of 1951 attempted to address the indigenous tribal council and its responsibilities. The policy bantu authorities act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organisations for black africans, and the promotion of bantu self government act of 1959 created 10 african homelands, or bantustans. It is the product of almost two decades of research and includes analyses, chronologies, historical documents, and interviews from the apartheid and postapartheid eras. Amendment of section 8 of act 68 of1951, as amended. Information and translations of bantu authorities act, 1951 in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web. The establishment of the bantu self government act of 1950 created the bantustans homelands for the black population based upon their tribal groupings. The bantu homelands citizenship act of 1970 made every black south african, irrespective of actual residence, a. Powers, functions and duties of regional authorities.
It was an attempt to restructure the government of the reserves on more traditional lines, but in practice came to mean the establishment of a system of indirect rule through the medium of subservient and sometimes wellrewarded chiefs, chosen for their preparedness to enforce. Apartheid comes to an end scroll down to read, apartheid omes to an nd 25. This act repealed the bantu authorities act of 1951 as far as venda was. The bantu authorities act, 1951 was to give authority to traditional tribal leader within their traditional tribal homelands in south africa. Please note that most acts are published in english and another south african official language. Bantu education as a compliment to bantu authoritieswhile prior to 1948, education was more accessible in urban areas than in rural areas and students had more freedom of mobility, the opposite was to happen with the introduction of the bantu authorities act of 1951. Natives laws amendment act of 1952 narrowed the definition of the category of blacks who had the right of. This was the first piece of legislation introduced to support the government s policy of separate development.
The independence of transkei a largely constitutional inquiry. This resource is hosted by the nelson mandela foundation, but was compiled and authored by padraig omalley. Legal minor status meant that african women could not enter into contracts or own homes or other property in their own right. P gave recognition to traditional tribal authorities. Native building workers act, 1951 project gutenberg self. Bantu authorities act of 1951 south african history online.
The bantu homelands citizenship act of 1970 made every black south african. Its major provision was enforcing racially separated educational facilities. Bantu homelands citizenship act 1970 made every black south african, irrespective of actual residence, a citizen of one of the. Other articles where bantu authorities act is discussed. Squatting act, act no 52 of 1951 bantu authorities act, act no 68 of 1951 natives laws amendment act of 1952 natives. Bantu education act, 1953 1 bantu education act, 1953 bantu education act, 1953 act to provide for the transfer of the administration and control of native education from the several provincial administrations to the government of the union, and for matters incidental thereto. It consisted of a hierarchical blocks of tribal authorities headed by chiefs. With the traditional khoisan leadership bill now in its final. Authorities act of 1951 and the promotion of bantu self government act of 1959, with compensation in greater local autonom in they bantu areas. Zto use the bantu authorities act of 1951 as a platform for land reform in 2004 is simply incredible dikgang moseneke1 introduction this paper is about how law has been used to entrench structural inequality in postapartheid south africa. This legislation, succeeding the native affairs act act no. The framework act provides for the recognition of traditional communities. Continued from footnote 12 b establish and maintain any hostel, teachers.
Second bantu laws amendment act, 1970 south african government. We want the bread, not the crumbs the openuct initiative. Apartheid legislation in south africa starting in 1948. Bantu authorities act south africa 1951 britannica. Bantu authorities act, act no 68 of 1951 provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities and, with the aim of creating greater self government in the homelands, abolished the native representative council. L provided for the establishment of tribal, regional and territorial authorities in. Provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities and with the aim of creating greater self government in the homelands, abolished the native representative council. Through hundreds of gazette notices, for every recognised tribe and chief a tribal authority was also established with a specified area of 1 nelson mandela verwoerds grim plot may 1959. Other relevant laws included the bantu authorities act of 1951, which institutionalised the system of indirect rule and created a separate body of law and administration for the african people. The bantu authorities act of 1951 entrenched chiefly authority to administer customary law, a patriarchal system under which african women remained legal minors throughout their lives.
Two progressive chiefs of the transvaal in whose areas bantu authorities havd been established. The act was to provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the. Made paramount chief of the emigrant thembus, a breakaway and subgroup to the thembus, mathanzimas support of the south african government s bantu authorities act 1951, which looked to foster traditional african leadership structures, gave the act credibility in the eyes of many chiefs, but saw him part ways with mandela politically although the two initially remained. Initial submission on the black authorities act repeal bill b92010 prepared by dr sindiso mnisi, senior researcher executive summary lrg welcomes the repeal of the black authorities act 68 of 1951 baa as an important step in moving away from our apartheid past. The effects of apartheids unequal education system can. The core policies, which encapsulated the ideology and intent of the state, were rapidly passed into law, namely the prohibition of mixed marriages act 1949, the group areas act 1950, population registration act 1950, the immorality act 1950, and the bantu authorities act 1951. This act shall be called the companies amendment act, 1951. However, lrg submits that it is an inadequate step on its own. It was part of the government s system of separate development apartheid for different racial groups and was aimed at training black children for menial jobs. The prevention of illegal squatting act, act no 52 of 1951, formed part of the apartheid system of racial segregation in south africa. Women and apartheid oxford research encyclopedia of. Bantu authorities act, 1951 wikipedia republished wiki 2.
The transkeian territorial authority t proveo d most receptive separate development in 196. South africas land tenure reform programme in the former. When the 1951 bantu authorities act baa was initiated, europeans in south africa were faced with an increasing number of educated urban blacks which belied the proof of african primitiveness. A version of customary law that defaults to the tribal boundaries and ascribed identities of the bantu authorities act of 1951 is used to justify continued. Bantu authorities act, 1951 provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities and with the aim of creating greater self government in the homelands, abolished the native representative council.
An act under apartheid that segregated black and white people. These five key policies were interlinked and created. Section 8 of the bantu authorities act, amended by the deletion of subsection 3. Promotion of bantu self government act physical separation between races, especially in urban areas, people who lived in district six, sophiatown or lady selborne, for example, where relocated to townships out of. The apartheid government s aim was to establish a tribal authority, with a specified geographic area of. Bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the. Repealing the black authorities act is only a first step mazibuko jara on 20 and 21 july 2010, parliaments rural development and land reform portfolio committee conducted public hearings on the repeal of the black authorities act 68 of 1951 baa, which was also known as the bantu authorities act. Bantu education act, south african law, enacted in 1953, that governed the education of black south african children. Although various chiefs responded differently to colonisation, which tended to marginalise them4, the implementation of bantu authorities. Provided that any government, council or authority referred to in this section may, at the. Act to provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the natives representative council, to amend the native affairs act, 1920, and the representation of natives act, 1936, and to provide. The first bantu authority in the union was established at witzieshoek in 1953. Since the passing of the bantu education act in 1953 the education of africans has become bantu education a system designed, on unsound principles, for africans alone, a system also designed to be ancillary to the political doctrines of apartheid. The independence of transkei a largely constitutional.
Jan 01, 1987 the emergence of the modern bantustan policy is marked by the bantu authorities act, 1951, which abolished the natives representative council, thus reducing the natives political voice still further, and manifested an essential shift in philosophy by dealing with black people no longer as a single group but as members of separate linguistic. South africa act of 1909, which became effective on 31 may. This act established tribal authorities and regional authorities where a tribal authority was established for a recognised tribe as per black administration act 38 of 1927 and a regional. Apr 15, 20 the bantu authorities act, 1951 black authorities act, 1951 created the legal basis for the deportation of blacks into designated homeland reserve areas and established tribal, regional and territorial authorities. This act established tribal authorities and regional authorities where a tribal authority was established for a recognised tribe as per black administration act. All political rights, including voting, held by an african. The laws analysed in the paper advance the interests of a small elite at the.
L provided for the establishment of tribal, regional and territorial authorities in the reserves. Bantu authorities act 1951 a this act established the basis for ethnic government in african reserves known as homelands b these homelands were independent. The lexicon of isolation, segregation, authorities and locations was not new to south africa. Submission to national council of provinces on the. The bantu education act of 1953 placed the education of africans under the direct.
Dec 31, 2010 the bantu authorities act, 1951 act no. The act was to provide for the gradual development of selfgoverning bantu national units and for direct consultation between the government of the union and the said national units in regard to matters affecting the interests of such national units. Section 5 of the bantu administration act, 1927, is hereby. Group areas act any group or individual who intended to change the system through the promotion of disorder or disturbance, using unlawful acts or encouraging feelings of hostility between the european and noneuropean races of the union of south africa can be prosecuted 1951. Postverwoerd terrorism act 1966 coloured persons representative council amendment act 1968 prohibition of improper interference act 1968 bantu homelands citizenship act 1970 bantu homelands constitution act 1971 black local authorities act 1982 republic of south africa constitution act 1983 no new legislation introduced.
Under the bantu authorities act of 1951 the government reestablished tribal organizations for. Prevention of illegal squatting act, 1951 wikipedia. This is, in a sense, a continuation of the natives administration act of 1927. Bantu authorities act, act no 68 of 1951 digital innovation south. It firstly started as a territorial authority in 1962 and remained. It made provision for the establishment of regional and territorial authorities for each specific ethnic groups in the reserves. It was part of the government s system of separate development apartheid for different racial groups and was aimed at training black children for. Chief patrick mphephu of the venda of zoutpansberg. Other laws included the bantu authority act, act 68 of 1951, which provided for the establishment of black homelands and regional authorities, with the aim of creating greater self government, and the promotion of bantu self government act, act 46 of 1959. Definition of bantu authorities act, 1951 in the dictionary. This was the first piece of legislation introduced to support the governments policy of separate development. The act was to provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the natives representative council, to amend the native affairs act, 1920, and the representation of natives act, 1936, and to provide for other incidental matters. Act to provide for the establishment of certain bantu authorities and to define their functions, to abolish the natives representative council, to amend the native affairs act, 1920, and the representation of natives act, 1936, and to provide for other incidental matters.
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